In paraxial optics each single refracting surface satisfies the Abbe’s Invariant Q in the paraxial Area, that relates the front focal distance s of an axial object point with the back focal distance s’ of it’s conjugated point behind the surface
In paraxial optics each single refracting surface satisfies the Abbe’s Invariant Q in the paraxial Area, that relates the front focal distance s of an axial object point with the back focal distance s’ of it’s conjugated point behind the surface