ratio of the diameter of the exit pupil devided by the diameter of the entrance pupil
For symmetrical lenses, for example a double Gauss design, the pupil magnification is close to 1.
see also:
working F-number
Numerical Aperture
Archives
Purple Fringing
Purple colored rim around dark objects, typically on a white background
Purple fringing (Image: webfound)
Purple fringing is the visible effect of lateral color-aberrations.
You can imagine this as is one of the Red / Green / Blue Images on a color sensor were a bit too small, for example the blue image. Instead of reaching the white area , together with green and red, it reaches the black area closer to the image center , where no light were expected at all.
That’s why the effect only occurs where (nearly) white and (nearly) black regions meet. If it’s white in a region anyway, it doesn’t matter is all, say, blue) light rays arrive a bit too close to the center, as the “gaps” are filled with other rays. Where black and white areas meet, however, the gaps can’t be filled.
On a monochrome sensor the effect shows as blurry black-white-edges.
The effect is stronger on sensors with smaller pixels, as it’s easier for ray to arrive in the neighbour pixel.
If a blueish ray arrives, say, 2.5um closer to the center than red and green rays, it’s no visible problem for sensors of 6um pixels, as we’re pretty much still in the same pixel. On a sensor with 1.67um pixles we fully reached the neighbor pixel already.